Piperidinyl thiacyclic derivatives

ABSTRACT

Piperidinyl thiacyclic derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein X, Y, R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  are defined in the specification, are useful in the treatment of allergic diseases and diseases responding to antagonism of 5HT 2  receptors. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment using these compounds are also disclosed.

This is a division of application Ser. No. 08/281,943, filed Jul. 28,1994 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,712,521 which is a division of application Ser.No. 08/201,149, filed Feb. 24, 1994 issued Dec. 6, 1995 U.S. Pat. No.5,371,093 which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 076,268 filedJun. 11, 1993 now abandoned which is a continuation of application Ser.No. 07/835,658 filed Feb. 13, 1992 now abandoned, which is hereinincorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to compounds, pharmaceuticalcompositions and methods of treatment using same. The compounds of thepresent invention are piperidinyl thiacyclic derivatives useful in thetreatment of allergic diseases and the treatment of diseases responsiveto serotonin 5HT₂ antagonists.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention comprises compounds of Formula I: ##STR2## opticalisomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein Y is--C(═O)--, --C(═CH₂)--, --C(H)(OH)--,

--C(OH)(phenyl)-- or --C(B)(OH) wherein B is ##STR3## Y is attached atthe heterocycle positions 2 or 3, or Y is also attached at 2' or 3' whenB is present.

X and X' are the same or different and are carbon, CH or nitrogen,provided that when Y is attached at the 3 or 3' position, X and X' areeach carbon, and when Y is attached at the 2 or 2' position, X and X'are the same or different and are CH or nitrogen;

R₁ is --(CH₂)_(n) --Z--(CH₂)_(m) COR₅, --C(O)R₈ or ##STR4## R₂, R₃, R₂ 'and R₃ ' are the same or different and are hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, orwhen R₂ and R₃, and R₂ ' and R₃ ' are respectively taken together, withthe atoms to which R₂ and R₃, and R_(2') and R_(3') are respectivelyattached, each form a phenyl moiety respectively substituted with R₄ orR₄ ';

Z is a bond, O, or S;

R₄ or R₄ ' are the same or different and are hydrogen, chloro, fluoro,C₁₋₄ alkyl, or C₁₋₄ alkoxy;

R₅ is OH, C₁₋₄ alkoxy or --NR₆ R₇ ;

R₆ and R₇ are the same or different and are H or C₁₋₄ alkyl;

R₈ is C₁₋₄ alkyl or C₁₋₄ alkoxy;

R₉ is H, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, OH, chloro, bromo, fluoro, --CF₃,--NHC(O)R₁₀, or CO₂ R₁₁ ;

R₁₀ is C₁₋₄ alkyl or C₁₋₄ alkoxy;

R₁₁ is hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl;

n is an integer from 0-3 provided that when Z is not a bond n is aninteger from 2-3;

m is an integer from 1 to 3;

d is an integer from 1 to 5; and

e is zero or 1, provided that when e is 1:

d is an integer from 2 to 5; and

X is N, or R2 and R₃, with the atoms to which R₂ and R₃ are attached,form a phenyl moiety; or X is N, and R₂ and R₃, with the atoms to whichR₂ and R₃ are attached, form a phenyl moiety.

The present invention further comprises the use of these compounds in apharmaceutical composition. These compounds are useful in the treatmentof subjects having allergic diseases and diseases responsive to 5HT₂antagonism.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

Terms used herein have the following meanings: "C₁₋₄ alkyl" is abranched or straight chain alkyl having 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms suchas methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, etc.; "C₁₋₄alkoxy" is a branched or straight chain alkoxy having 1, 2, 3 or 4carbon atoms such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy,isobutoxy, etc.; and "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" is either anacid addition salt or a basic addition salt.

The compound of Formula I comprises an optionally substitutedheterocycle linked to an optionally substituted piperidinyl by a Ygroup. The Y group represents a carbonyl group (--C(═O)--), anethenylene group (--C(═CH₂)--), a hydroxymethylene group (--C(H)(OH)--),a methine group substituted with hydroxy and phenyl (--C(OH)(phenyl)--)or a methine group substituted with hydroxy and an optionallysubstituted heterocycle represented by "B" (--C(B)(OH)--). The Y as acarbonyl group is preferred.

As shown in Formula I, Y can be linked to one heterocycle or two of thesame or different types of heterocycles (the second heterocycle beingB). The heterocycles of the present invention are selected from thienyl(also known as thiophenyl) as in Example 1, thiazolyl as in Example 3,benzothiophenyl as in Example 5 and benzothiazolyl as in Example 8. Theheterocycle benzothiazolyl is preferred, and, when two heterocycles arepresent, they are preferably both not simultaneously thiophenyl.

As shown in formula I, the straight dotted line of B indicatesattachment to the remainder of the compound of formula I via the lineintersected by the dotted line, the intersected line being betweenpositions 2' and 3' of the heterocycle. The curved dotted line betweenR₂ and R₃, and the curved dotted line R₂, and R₃, each represent apossible ring formation therebetween, as more fully described hereafter.

The heterocycles are attached to Y via the available carbon atom ateither the 2 or the 3 position of the heterocycle (see Formula I) or, inthe heterocycle designated as "B", the 2' or 3' position, as representedby a line positioned therebetween, provided that when Y is attached atthe 3 or 3' position, X and X' are each carbon, and when Y is attachedat the 2 or 2' position X and X' are each independently CH or nitrogen.That is, when the heterocycle or heterocycles do not contain a nitrogenin the ring, Y may attach thereto at the 2 or 3 positions (2' or 3'positions in B), but when there is a nitrogen atom at position 3 of theheterocycle, Y will only attach at the 2 position (or the 2' position ofB).

The heterocycle or heterocycles attached to Y in Formula I may beoptionally substituted. When the heterocycle contains one ring, i.e., athiophenyl or thiazolyl ring, the substitutions are represented by R₂and R₃, or, when the second heterocycle represented by B is present, thesubstituents are also represented by R₂ ' and R₃ '. When theheterocycle(s) contain(s) two rings, i.e., benzothiophenyl orbenzothiazolyl, the substitution of the heterocycles is by R₄ or R₄ ' atany position on the phenyl moiety except on the carbon atoms shared withthe five membered ring moieties. R₄ and R₄ ' may be the same ordifferent moieties. Each of R₂, R₂, R₃, or R₃ ' can be a hydrogen orC₁₋₄ alkyl. Preferably, R₂, R₂ ', R₃, or R₃ ' are each hydrogen. Each ofR₄ or R₄, can be hydrogen, chloro, fluoro, C₁₋₄ alkyl or C₁₋₄ alkoxy.Preferably, R₄ and R₄ ' are hydrogen.

R₁ is attached to the nitrogen in the piperdinyl moiety and may be--(CH₂)_(n) --Z--(CH₂)_(m) COR₅, --C(O)R₈ or ##STR5## Z is a bond,oxygen atom (O) or sulfur atom (S). When Z is a bond, the subscript nrepresents the integers 0, 1, 2 or 3. When Z is other than a bond, nrepresents the integers 2 or 3. The subscript m represents the integer1, 2 or 3. R₅ is --OH, C₁₋₄ alkoxy or --NR₆ R₇. R₆ and R₇ are eachindependently hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl. The subscript d represents any ofthe integers 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, and preferably the integers 1, 2 or 3. Thesubscript e represents the integers 0 or 1, and preferably 1, with theproviso that both d and e cannot simultaneously be 1. When e is 1, d isgreater than 1, i.e., 2, 3, 4 or 5.

Also, when e is 1:

(1) d is an integer from 2 to 5; and

(2) (a) X is N, or R₂ and R₃, with the atoms to which R₂ and R₃ areattached, form a phenyl moiety; or

(b) X is N, and R₂ and R₃, with the atoms to which R₂ and R₃ areattached, form a phenyl moiety.

In other words, when e is 1, d is always an integer from 2 to 5.Additionally, when e is 1, the heterocycle group shown in Formula Iattached Y (not the "B" heterocycle) is not a thiophene radical, i.e.,either N is present in the five membered ring and/or a phenyl group isfused to the five membered ring.

R₈ means C₁₋₄ alkyl or C₁₋₄ alkoxy. R₉ means H, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy,OH, chloro, bromo, fluoro, --CF₃, --NHC(O)R₁₀, or CO₂ R₁₁. R₉ cansubstitute the phenyl moiety at any ortho, meta or para position, thepara position being preferred. R₁₀ is C₁₋₄ alkyl or C₁₋₄ alkoxy, and R₁₁is C₁₋₄ alkyl. Preferably R₉ is an ester or an acid.

"Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts" applies to anynon-toxic organic or inorganic acid addition salt of the base compoundsof formula I or any of its intermediates. Illustrative inorganic acidswhich form suitable salts include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuricand phosphoric acid and acid metal salts such as sodium monohydrogenorthophosphate and potassium hydrogen sulfate. Illustrative organicacids which form suitable salts include the mono-, di- and tricarboxylicacids.

Illustrative of such acids are, for example, acetic, glycolic, lactic,pyruvic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, fumaric, malic, tartaric, citric,ascorbic maleic, hydroxymaleic, benzoic, hydroxybenzoic, phenylacetic,cinnamic, salicyclic, 2-phenyoxybenzoic, p-toluenesulfonic acid andsulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic acid and 2-hydroxyethane sulfonicacid. Either the mono- or di-acid salts can be formed, and such saltscan exist in either a hydrated or substantially anhydrous form. Ingeneral, the acid addition salts of these compounds show increasedsolubility in water and various hydrophilic organic solvents and, incomparison to their free base forms, generally demonstrate highermelting points.

Some of the compounds of Formula I contain asymmetric centers. Anyreference in this application, including the claims, to one of thecompounds represented by Formula I is meant to encompass either aspecific optical isomer or a mixture of enantiomers or diasteriomers.The specific optical isomers can be separated and recovered bytechniques known in the art such as chromatography on chiral stationaryphases or resolution via chiral salt formation and subsequent separationby selective crystallization.

The piperidinyl thiacyclic derivatives of Formula I can be prepared byutilizing conventional procedures and techniques which are well knownand appreciated in the art. The schemes show compounds having aconnecting line through the heterocycle between positions 2 and 3 of theheterocycle (positions 2 and 3 being designated as in Formula I). Thisis to indicate attachment at the heterocycle at either position 2 or 3with the caveat that when X is nitrogen, the heterocycle is alwaysattached at position 2.

One general synthetic procedure for the preparation of the compounds ofFormula I wherein Y is --C(═O)-- is set forth in Scheme A. In Scheme A,all substituents are as previously defined unless otherwise indicated.##STR6##

Scheme A provides one general synthetic procedure for preparing thecompounds of Formula I wherein Y is --C(═O)--.

In step a, the appropriate lithio thiacyclic derivative of structure (1)is acylated with the piperidinyl derivative of structure (2) to give thecorresponding piperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure (3).

For example, a solution of the appropriate lithio thiacyclic derivativeof structure (1) is contacted with the piperidinyl derivative ofstructure (2) at a temperature range of from about -90° C. to about -50°C. and more preferably about -78° C. The reaction is typically conductedunder anhydrous conditions in a suitable aprotic organic solvent such astetrahydrofuran. The piperidinyl derivative and the lithio thiacyclicderivative are preferably present in the reaction zone in anapproximately equimolar quantity. A slight excess of either reactant isnot deleterious to the reaction. The reaction is allowed to proceed fora period of time ranging from about 20 minutes to about 5 hours, andmore preferably about 30 minutes. The reaction is then quenched with aproton source such as, for example, saturated aqueous ammonium chlorideor methanol. The resulting reaction mixture is extracted with a suitablesolvent, such as ethyl acetate, washed with water, dried over either Na₂SO₄ or MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent evaporated in vacuo.

Appropriate lithio thiacyclic derivatives of structure (1) arecommercially available or prepared by techniques and procedures wellknown in the art. For example, a solution of the appropriate startingthiacyclic derivative is contacted with an organolithium compound suchas n-butyllithium or t-butyllithium, more preferably witht-butyllithium, for a period of time ranging from about 5 minutes toabout 30 minutes and more preferably about 15 minutes; at a temperaturerange of from about -90° C. to about -50° C. and more preferably about-78° C. The organolithium compound will be present in the quantity offrom about 1.0 to about 1.1 equivalents for every mole of thiacyclicderivative utilized, and more preferably will be present in anapproximately equimolar quantity with the lithio thiacyclic derivative.The reaction is typically conducted under anhydrous conditions in asuitable aprotic organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran.

Typically, when Y is to be attached at the 3 position of the lithiothiacyclic derivative of structure (1), an appropriate startingthiacyclic derivative is one wherein the 3 position is substituted withbromine or iodine. When Y is to be attached at the 2 position of thelithio thiacyclic derivative of structure (1), an appropriate startingheterocyclic derivative is one wherein the 2 position is substitutedwith hydrogen, bromine or iodine. Examples of appropriate startingheterocyclic derivatives are 3-bromobenzo[b]thiophene,benzo[b]thiophene, benzothiazole, 2-bromobenzothiazole, thiazole, and3-bromothiophene.

The piperidinyl heterocyclic derivative of structure (3) can be purifiedaccording to techniques known in the art. For example, one suitabletechnique is to subject the concentrate obtained above to chromatographyon silica gel utilizing an appropriate organic solvent such as ethylacetate as the eluting agent. The eluent can be evaporated and theresulting product can be recrystallized from a suitable solvent such as,for example, cyclohexane. Other suitable solvent systems will be readilyapparent to those skilled in the art.

In optional step b, the piperidine functionality of the appropriatepiperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure (3) is deprotected underacidic conditions to give the piperidinyl thiacyclic derivative ofstructure (4) using procedures and techniques well known in the art. Forexample, the t-butyloxycarbonyl group (t-Boc) can be cleaved withtrifluoroacetic acid.

In optional step c, the piperidine functionality of the appropriatepiperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure (4) is N-alkylated underbasic conditions with the appropriate alkyl halide of structure (5) togive the piperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure (6).

For example, the piperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure (4) isreacted with the appropriate alkyl halide of structure (5) in thepresence of a base such as K₂ CO₃, KHCO₃, Na₂ CO₃, NaHCO₃,triethylamine, or pyridine in a solvent such as dimethylformamide,dimethylsulfoxide, aqueous tetrahydrofuran or ethanol. Typically thereactants will be stirred together for a period of time ranging fromabout 30 minutes to about 48 hours, at a temperature range of from about0° C. to about 100° C. The non-reacting substituents appearing in thealkyl halide (R₁) correspond to those appearing in the product. Thepiperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure (6) can be recovered fromthe reaction zone by treatment with water and extraction with an organicsolvent as is known in the art. It can be purified by techniques knownin the art such as recrystallization or chromatography as describedpreviously. Typically the piperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure(4), as its trifluoroacetic acid salt, is converted in situ to its freebase during the alkylation and may be optionally converted to other acidaddition salts as is known in the art.

Alternatively, the piperidine functionality of the appropriatepiperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure (4) can be N-alkylatedwith the appropriate alkyl halide of structure (5) under phase-transfercatalysis conditions as is known in the art.

Alternatively, those piperidinyl thiacyclic derivatives of structure (6)wherein R₁ is --(CH₂)_(n) --Z--(CH₂)_(m) COR₅ wherein R₅ is OH or##STR7## wherein R₉ is CO₂ R₁₁ and R₁₁ is H may be prepared from theappropriate piperidinyl thiacyclic derivatives of structure (6) whereinR₁ is --(CH₂)_(n) --Z--(CH₂)_(m) COR₅ wherein R₅ is C₁₋₄ alkoxy or##STR8## wherein R₉ is CO₂ R₁₁ and R₁₁ is C₁₋₄ alkyl via an esterhydrolysis reaction as is known in the art.

Starting materials for use in Scheme A are readily available to one ofordinary skill in the art. For example, carbomethoxy methoxyethylchloride is described in J. Org. Chem. 26, 4325-7 1961.

The following examples present typical syntheses as described in SchemeA. These examples are understood to be illustrative only and are notintended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. As usedherein, the following terms have the indicated meanings: "g" refers tograms; "mmol" refers to millimoles; "mL" refers to milliliters; "bp"refers to boiling point; "mp" refers to melting point; "° C." refers totemperature in degrees Celsius; "mm Hg" refers to pressure inmillimeters of mercury; "μL" refers to microliters; "μg" refers tomicrograms; and "μM" refers to micromolar.

EXAMPLE 1

4-[(Thiophene-2-yl)carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid,1,1-dimethylethyl ester ##STR9## Mix 4-piperidinecarboxylic acid (107.5g, 832 mmol), 1N sodium hydroxide (40 g in 900 mL water) andtert-butanol (1800 mL). Add, by portionwise addition, di-tert-butyldicarbonate (200 g, 916 mmol). Stir overnight, evaporate the solvent invacuo and acidify the aqueous phase with aqueous hydrochloric acid.Extract the acidic aqueous phase with ethyl ether (3X), combine theorganic phases and wash with water and brine. Dry (MgSO₄), evaporate thesolvent in vacuo and recrystallize (ethyl acetate/hexane) to give1,4-piperidinedicarboxylic acid, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester as whiteneedles, m.p. 147°-149° C.

Dissolve 1,4-piperidinedicarboxylic acid, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester(50.0 g, 218 mmol) in anhydrous methylene chloride (500 mL) and placeunder a nitrogen atmosphere. Add, by portionwise addition,1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (38.9 g, 240 mmol) and stir for 1 hour.

Add, in one portion, N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (23.4 g,240 mmol) and stir overnight. Wash the solution with 1N hydrochloricacid (2×), saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate and brine. Dry (MgSO₄),evaporate the solvent in vacuo and purify by distillation to give4-[[(N-methoxy-N-methyl)amino]carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid,1,1-dimethylethyl ester as a clear oil, b.p. 120°-140° C. @0.8 mm Hg.

Mix 4-[[(N-methoxy-N-methyl)amino]carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid,1,1-dimethylethyl ester (3.0 g, 11.02 mmol) and anhydroustetrahydrofuran (10 mL), cool to -78° C. and place under an argonatmosphere. Add 2-lithiothiophene (12.1 mL of a 1M solution intetrahydrofuran, 12.1 mmol). Stir the resulting brown solution at -78°C. for 1 hour, remove the ice bath and allow to warm for 15 minutes. Addsaturated ammonium chloride (10 mL) and stir for 30 minutes. Partitionbetween ethyl acetate and water, separate the organic phase and wash theaqueous phase with additional ethyl acetate. Wash the combined organicphases with saturated sodium chloride, dry (MgSO₄) and evaporate thesolvent in vacuo. Purify by silica gel chromatography (20% ethylacetate/hexane) and recrystallize (ethyl acetate/hexane) to give thetitle compound as pale yellow crystalline solid; mp 154°-156° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₁₅ H₂₁ NO₃ S: C, 60.99; H, 7.17; N, 4.74. Found: C,60.89; H, 7.26; N, 4.74.

EXAMPLE 2

(Thiophene-2-yl)(4-piperidinyl)methanone•CF₃ CO₂ H ##STR10## Mix4-[(thiophene-2-yl)carbonyl]-l-piperidinecarboxylic acid,1,1-dimethylethyl ester (12.9 g, 43.67 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid(80 mL) and stir at room temperature for 2 hours. Cool in an ice/waterbath and dilute with ethyl ether. Collect the resulting solid byfiltration, wash with ethyl acetate and recrystallize (methanol/ethylether) to give the title compound as an off-white solid; mp 186°-187° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₁₀ H₁₃ NOS•CF₃ CO₂ H: C, 46.60; H, 4.56; N, 4.50.Found: C, 46.35; H, 4.56; N, 4.49.

EXAMPLE 3

4-[(2-Thiazolyl)carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid, 1,1-dimethylethylester ##STR11## Prepare according the the procedure described in Example1 using 2-lithiothiazole.

EXAMPLE 4

2-Thiazolyl)(4-piperidinyl)methanone•CF₃ CO₂ H ##STR12## Prepareaccording to the procedure described in Example 2 using4-[(2-thiazolyl)carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid, 1,1-dimethylethylester.

EXAMPLE 5

4-[(Benzo[b]thiophene-3-yl)carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid,1,1-dimethylethyl ester ##STR13## Dissolve benzo[b]thiophene (23 g,0.170 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (80 mL). Add, by dropwise addition,a solution of bromine (26.85 g, 0.168 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (30mL) and stir at room temperature for 2 days. Quench with a 1M solutionof sodium thiosulfate and separate the organic phase. Extract theaqueous phase with carbon tetrachloride, combine the organic phases anddry (MgSO₄). Evaporate the solvent in vacuo and purify by distillationto give 3-bromobenzo[b]thiophene as a pale yellow liquid (17.33 g, 48%);bp 64°-72° C. @0.02 mm Hg.

Dissolve freshly distilled 3-bromobenzo[b]thiophene (2.47 g, 11.59 mmol)in anhydrous ethyl ether (50 mL), place under an argon atmosphere andcool to -78° C. Add, by dropwise addition, t-butyllithium (13.6 mL of a1.7M solution in pentane, 23.1 mmol) and stir at -78° C. for 20 minutes.Add, by dropwise addition, a solution of4-[[(N-methoxy-N-methyl)amino]carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid,1,1-dimethylethyl ester (3.16 g, 11.59 mmol) in anhydroustetrahydrofuran (15 mL). Stir at -78° C. for 1 hour and quench withsaturated ammonium chloride. Partition between water and ethyl acetate,separate the organic phase and extract the aqueous phase with ethylacetate. Wash the combined organic phases with saturated sodium chlorideand dry (Na₂ SO₄). Evaporate the solvent in vacuo and purify bychromatography (20% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give the title compound asa colorless foam.

Mass Spectrum: EI/70 EV m/e 345 (M⁺•)

EXAMPLE 6

(Benzo[b]thiophene-3-yl)(4-piperidinyl)methanone•CF₃ CO₂ H ##STR14##Dissolve 4-[(benzo[b]thiophene-3-yl)carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylicacid, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester (3.75 g, 10.8 mmol) in trifluoroaceticacid (30 mL). Stir at room temperature for 30-40 minutes. Cool in an icebath and dilute with ethyl ether (200 mL). Keep at 0° C. for 1-2 hours,collect the solid by filtration and recrystallize (methanol/ethyl ether)to give the title compound as small colorless plates; mp 195°-197° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₁₄ H₁₅ NOS•CF₃ CO₂ H: C, 53.48; H, 4.49; N, 3.90.Found: C, 53.14; H, 4.50; N, 3.90.

EXAMPLE 7

[Benzo[b]thiophene-3-yl][1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]methanone##STR15## Mix (benzo[b]thiophene-3-yl)(4-piperidinyl)methanone•CF₃ CO₂ H(2.0 g, 5.56 mmol), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl bromide (1.27 g, 5.93mmol), potassium carbonate (1.95 g, 1.41 mmol) and anhydrousdimethylformamide (20 mL). Warm to approximately 90° C. and stirovernight. Allow to cool to room temperature and partition between a 2:1mixture of ethyl acetate:toluene and water. Separate the aqueous phaseand wash the organic phase with water and saturated sodium chloride. Dry(Na₂ SO₄) and evaporate the solvent in vacuo. Purify by chromatography(40% ethyl acetate/hexane) and recrystallize (cyclohexane) to give thetitle compound as pale yellow plates; mp 114°-116° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₃ H₂₅ NO₂ S: C, 72.79; H, 6.64; N, 3.69. Found: C,72.58; H, 6.63; N, 3.66.

EXAMPLE 8

4-[(2-Benzothiazolyl)carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxytic acid,1,1-dimethylethyl ester ##STR16## Dissolve benzothiazole (2.0 g, 14.79mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (50 mL), place under an argonatmosphere and cool to -78° C. Add, by dropwise addition, n-butyllithium(6.5 mL of a 2.5M solution in hexane, 16.27 mmol) and stir at -78° C.for 30 minutes. Add, by dropwise addition, a solution of4-[[(N-methoxy-N-methyl)amino]carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid,1,1-dimethylethyl ester (4.03 g, 14.79 mmol) in anhydroustetrahydrofuran (50 mL). Stir at -78° C. for 1.5 hours, remove the icebath and allow to warm for 10 minutes, quench with saturated ammoniumchloride (100 mL) and stir for an additional hour. Separate the organicphase and extract the aqueous phase with ethyl acetate. Combine theorganic phases, dry (MgSO₄) and evaporate the solvent in vacuo. Purifyby chromatography (10% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give the title compoundas pale yellow crystals; mp 94°-95° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₁₈ H₂₂ N₂ O₃ S: C, 62.40; H, 6.40; N, 8.09. Found: C,62.20; H, 6.46; N, 7.94.

EXAMPLE 9

(2-Benzothiazolyl)(4-piperidinyl)methanone•CF₃ CO₂ H ##STR17## Mix4-[(2-benzothiazolyl)carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid,1,1-dimethylethyl ester (10.5 g, 30.31 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid(75 mL) and stir at room temperature for 2 hours. Cool in an ice/waterbath and add ethyl ether until a solid begins to precipitate. Stir at 0°C. for 30 minutes, collect the solid by filtration and wash with ethylether and recrystallize (methanol/ethyl ether) to give the titlecompound as a white powder; mp 195°-197° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₁₃ H₁₄ N₂ OS•CF₃ CO₂ H: C, 50.00; H, 4.20; N, 7.77.Found: C, 50.12; H, 4.17; N, 7.79.

EXAMPLE 10

[2-Benzothiazolyl)[1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4piperidinyl]methanone##STR18## Mix (2-benzothiazolyl)(4-piperidinyl)methanonee•CF₃ CO₂ H (331g, 9.19 mmol), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl bromide (2.07 g, 9.64 mmol),potassium carbonate (3.33 g, 24.1 mmol) and dimethylformamide (35 mL)and heat at 90° C. overnight. Cool to room temperature and partitionbetween a 2:1 mixture of ethyl acetate/toluene and water. Separate theaqueous phase and wash the organic phase with water and brine. Dry(MgSO₄) and evaporate the solvent in vacuo. Purify by chromatography(30% ethyl acetate/hexane) and recrystallize (cyclohexane) to give thetitle compound as a tan powder; mp 119°120° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₂ S: C, 69.44; H, 6.36; N, 7.36. Found: C,69.48; H, 6.52; N, 7.06.

Example 44 gives an alternative method of making this compound.

EXAMPLE 11

[2-Benzothiazolyl][1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-4piperidinyl]methanone##STR19## Mix (2-benzothiazolyl)(4-piperidinyl)methanone•CF₃ CO₂ H (1.95g, 5.43 mmol), 2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl bromide (1.70 g, 8.35 mmol),benzyltriethylammonium bromide (149 mg, 0.54 mmol), sodium hydroxide (5g), water (25 mL) and methylene chloride (25 mL). Stir at roomtemperature under an argon atmosphere overnight, then heat at refluxovernight. Cool the reaction to room temperature, separate the organicphase and extract the aqueous phase with methylene chloride (50 mL).Combine the organic phases, dry (Na₂ SO₄) and evaporate the solvent invacuo. Purify by chromatography (20% ethyl acetate/hexane with 2%triethylamine) and recrystallize (hexane) to give the title compound aspale yellow needles; mp 97°-98° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₁ H₂₁ FN₂ OS: C, 68.45; H, 5.74; N, 7.60. Found:68.26; H, 5.58; N, 7.29.

EXAMPLE 12

[2-8enzothiazolyl][1-(2-phenylethyl)-4piperidinyl]methanone ##STR20##Mix (2-benzothiazolyl)(4-piperidinyl)methanone•CF₃ CO₂ H (2.56 g, 7.13mmol), 2-phenylethyl bromide (1.45 g, 7.84 mmol), 18-Crown-6 (188 mg,0.71 mmol), potassium carbonate (9.85 g, 71.3 mmol) and methylenechloride (100 mL). Stir at room temperature under an argon atmospherefor 2 hours, then add potassium iodide (200 mg). Stir at roomtemperature for an additional 2 hours then heat at reflux overnight. Addadditional 2-phenylethyl bromide (1.45 g, 7.84 mmol) and heat at refluxovernight. Add additional 2-phenylethyl bromide (1.45 g, 7.84 mmol) andheat at reflux overnight. Cool the reaction to room temperature and pourinto water (150 mL). Separate the organic phase, wash with water (100mL) and dry (Na₂ SO₄). Evaporate the solvent in vacuo and purify bychromatography (20% ethyl acetate/hexane with 2% triethylamine) to givethe title compound as a yellow solid; mp 108.5°-109.5° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₁ H₂₂ N₂ OS: C, 71.97; H, 6.33; N, 8.00. Found: C,71.94; H, 6.22; N, 7.74.

EXAMPLE 13

4-[(2-Benzothiazolyl)carbonyl]-1-piperidineacetic acid, methyl ester•HCl##STR21## Mix (2-benzothiazolyl)(4-piperidinyl)methanone•CF₃ CO₂ H (3.0g, 8.33 mmol), methyl bromoacetate (i.34 g, 8.74 mmol), sodiumbicarbonate (1.75 g, 20.83 mmol), tetrahydrofuran (120 mL) and water (30mL). Heat at reflux for 4 hours, cool to room temperature and partitionbetween ethyl acetate and water. Separate the organic phase and extractthe aqueous phase with ethyl acetate. Combine the organic phases, washwith water and dry (MgSO₄). Evaporate the solvent in vacuo to give ayellow oil. Dissolve the oil in ethanol/ethyl ether and treat withethereal hydrogen chloride gas. Cool overnight, collect the resultingsolid by filtration, wash with ethyl ether and dry to give the titlecompound as a white crystalline solid; mp 177°-178° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₁₆ H₁₈ N₂ O₃ S•HCl: C, 54.16; H, 5.40; N, 7.89. Found:C, 53.87; H, 5.41; N, 8.06.

EXAMPLE 14

4-[3-[4-[(2-Benzothiazolyl)carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoic acid,methyl ester ##STR22## Dissolve 4-(3-chloropropoxy)benzoic acid, methylester (6.97 g, 30.5 mmol) in anhydrous acetone (100 mL) and add powderedsodium iodide (16.0 g, 107 mmol). Heat at reflux under an argonatmosphere for 38 hours. Dilute with ethyl ether (100 mL) and filterthrough Celite® filter aid. Wash the filtrate with water and brine, thendry (MgSO₄). Evaporate the solvent in vacuo to give4-(3-iodopropoxy)benzoic acid, methyl ester as a yellow oil.

Mix (2-benzothiazolyl)(4-piperidinyl)methanone•CF₃ CO₂ H (7.08 g, 19.7mmol), 4-(3-iodopropoxy)benzoic acid, methyl ester (6.50 g, 20.3 mmol),sodium hydrogen carbonate (3.41 g, 40.6 mmol), tetrahydrofuran (100 mL)and water (20 mL). Heat at reflux under an argon atmosphere overnight.Cool to room temperature, dilute with ethyl acetate (150 mL), wash with10% sodium hydrogen carbonate (50 mL), water (2×50 mL) and saturatedsodium chloride (50 mL). Dry (MgSO₄), evaporate the solvent in vacuo andtriturate with hexane. Collect the solid by filtration and recrystallize(methanol) to give the title compound as a pale yellow solid; mp108°-109.5° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₄ H₂₆ N₂ O₄ S: C, 65.73; H, 5.98; N, 6.39. Found: C,65.44; H, 6.06; N, 6.34.

EXAMPLE 15

[2-Benzothiazolyl][1-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy]-4piperidinyl]methanone##STR23## Mix (2-benzothiazolyl)(4-piperidinyl)methanone•CF₃ CO₂ H (7.0g, 19.5 mmol), 1-(3-chloropropoxy)-4-methoxybenzene (4.01 g, 20.0 mmol),sodium bicarbonate (3.36 g, 40.0 mmol), sodium iodide (3.04 g, 20.3mmol), tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and water (20 mL). Place under an argonatmosphere and heat at reflux for 24 hours. Dilute with ethyl acetate(100 mL) and wash with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL). Dry (MgSO₄),evaporate the solvent in vacuo to give an yellow solid Purify bychromatography (ethyl acetate) and recrystallize (ethanol) to give thetitle compound as a pale yellow solid; mp 114°-115° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₃ H₂₆ N₂ O₃ S: C, 67.29; H, 6.38; N, 6.82. Found: C,67.12; H, 6.44; N, 6.67.

EXAMPLE 16

4-[5-[4-[(2-Benzothiazolyt)carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]pentoxy]benzoic acid,methyl ester ##STR24## Prepare according to the procedure described inExample 15 using 4-(5-chloropentoxy)benzoic acid, methyl ester.4-(5-Chloropentoxy)benzoic acid, methyl ester can be prepared frommethyl 4-hydoxybenzoate and 1,3-dibromopropane according the theprocedure described in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 44, 2645 1922.

EXAMPLE 17

[2-Benzothiazolyl)[1-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propoxy]-4piperidnyl]methanone##STR25## Prepare according to the procedure described in Example 15using 1-(3-chloropropoxy)-4-hydroxybenzene.1-(3-Chloropropoxy)-4-hydroxybenzene can be prepared by treating1-(3-chloropropoxy)-4-methoxybenzene with trimethylsilyl iodideaccording the the procedure described in J. Org. Chem. 42, 3761 1977.

EXAMPLE 18

2-Benzothiazolyl][1-[3-(3-methylphenyl)propoxy]-4-piperidinyl]methanone##STR26## Prepare according to the procedure described in Example 15using 1-(3-chloropropoxy)-3-methylbenzene.1-(3-Chloropropoxy)-3-methylbenzene can be prepared from m-cresol and1,3-dibromopropane according the the procedure described in J. Am. Chem.Soc. 44, 2645 1922.

EXAMPLE 19

[2-Benzothiazolyl][1-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)propoxy]-4-piperidinyl]methanone##STR27## Prepare according to the procedure described in Example 15using 1-(3-chloropropoxy)-4-fluorobenzene.

EXAMPLE 20

[2-Benzothiazolyl][1-[3-(4-acetamidophenyl)promoxy]-4-piperidinyl]methanone##STR28## Mix (2-benzothiazolyl)(4-piperidinyl)methanone•CF₃ CO₂ H (3.45g, 9.6 mmol), 1-(3-chloropropoxy)-4-acetamidobenzene (2.20 g, 9.66mmol), sodium bicarbonate (1.68 g, 20.0 mmol), sodium iodide (1.50 g,10.0 mmol), tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and water (20 mL). Place under anargon atomsphere and heat at reflux for 24 hours. Dilute with ethylacetate (100 mL) and wash with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL). Dry(MgSO₄), evaporate the solvent in vacuo to give a pale yellow solid.Purify by recrystallization (ethanol) to give the title compound as apale yellow solid; mp 171°-172° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₄ H₂₇ N₃ O₃ S: C, 65.88; H, 6.22; N, 9.60. Found: C,65.62; H, 6.22; N, 9.60.

EXAMPLE 21

[(2-(4-Chlorobenzothiazotyl))carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid,1,1-dimethylethyl ester ##STR29## Slurry 2-amino-4-chlorobenzothiazole(0.255 mol) in water (325 mL), heat to reflux and add 48% hydrobromicacid (130 mL). Maintain at reflux for 20 minutes, cool to 0° C. and adda solution of sodium nitrite (17.56 g, 0.255 mol) in water (90 mL),maintaining a temperature of 0° C. Stir at 0° C. for 15 minutes and addby dropwise addition (while keeping cold) to a rapidly stirring mixtureof copper (I) bromide (42.03 g, 0.293 mol) in 48% hydrobromic acid (86mL) and water (225 mL). Stir at room temperature for 20 minutes and thenheat on a steam bath for an additional 20 minutes. Allow to standovernight, extract into methylene chloride and dry (MgSO₄). Evaporatethe solvent in vacuo and purify by chromatography to give2-bromo-4-chlorobenzothiazole.

Dissolve 2-bromo-4-chlorobenzothiazole (14.79 mmol) in anhydroustetrahydrofuran (50 mL), place under an argon atmosphere and cool to-78° C. Add, by dropwise addition, n-butyllithium (6.5 mL of a 2.5Msolution in hexane, 16.27 mmol) and stir at -78° C. for 30 minutes. Add,by dropwise addition, a solution of4-[[(N-methoxy-Nmethyl)amino]carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid,1,1-dimethylethyl ester (4.03 g, 14.79 mmol) in anhydroustetrahydrofuran (50 mL). Stir at -78° C. for 1.5 hours, remove the icebath and allow to warm for 10 minutes, quench with saturated ammoniumchloride (100 mL) and stir for an additional hour. Separate the organicphase and extract the aqueous phase with ethyl acetate. Combine theorganic phases, dry (MgSO₄) and evaporate the solvent in vacuo. Purifyby chromatography to give the title compound.

EXAMPLE 22

[2-(4-Chlorobenzothiazolyl)](4-piperidinyl)methanone•CF₃ CO₂ H ##STR30##Mix 4-[(2-(4-chlorobenzothiazolyl))carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylicacid, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester (30.31 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid (75mL) and stir at room temperature for 2 hours. Cool in an ice/water bathand add ethyl ether until a solid begins to precipitate. Stir at 0° C.for 30 minutes, collect the solid by filtration and wash with ethylether to give the title compound.

EXAMPLE 23

[2-(4-Chlorobenzothiazolyl)][1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]methanone##STR31## Mix [2-(4-chlorobenzothiazolyl)](4-piperidinyl)methanone•CF₃CO₂ H (9.19 mmol), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl bromide (2.07 g, 9.64 mmol),potassium carbonate (3.33 g, 24.1 mmol) and dimethylformamide (35 mL)and heat at 90° C. overnight. Cool to room temperature and partitionbetween a 2:1 mixture of ethyl acetate/toluene and water. Separate theaqueous phase and wash the organic phase with water and brine. Dry(MgSO₄) and evaporate the solvent in vacuo. Purify by chromatography togive the title compound.

EXAMPLE 24

[(2-(6-Methoxybenzothiazolyl))carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid,1,1-dimethylethyl ester ##STR32## Slurry 2-amino-6-methoxybenzothiazole(0.255 mol) in water (325 mL), heat to reflux and add 48% hydrobromicacid (130 mL). Maintain at reflux for 20 minutes, cool to 0° C. and adda solution of sodium nitrite (17.56 g, 0.255 mol) in water (90 mL),maintaining a temperature of 0° C. Stir at 0° C. for 15 minutes and addby dropwise addition (while keeping cold) to a rapidly stirring mixtureof copper (I) bromide (42.03 g,0.293 mol) in 48% hydrobromic acid (86mL) and water (225 mL). Stir at room temperature for 20 minutes. Allowto stand overnight, extract into methylene chloride and dry (MgSO₄).Evaporate the solvent in vacuo and purify by chromatography to give2-bromo-6-methoxybenzothiazole.

Dissolve 2-bromo-6-methoxybenzothiazole (14.79 mmol) in anhydroustetrahydrofuran (50 mL), place under an argon atmosphere and cool to-78° C. Add, by dropwise addition, n-butyllithium (6.5 mL of a 2.5Msolution in hexane, 16.27 mmol) and stir at -78° C. for 30 minutes. Add,by dropwise addition, a solution of4-[[(N-methoxy-N-methyl)amino]carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid,1,1dimethylethyl ester (4.03 g, 14.79 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran(50 mL). Stir at -78° C. for 1.5 hours, remove the ice bath and allow towarm for 10 minutes, quench with saturated ammonium chloride (100 mL)and stir for an additional hour. Separate the organic phase and extractthe aqueous phase with ethyl acetate. Combine the organic phases, dry(MgSO₄) and evaporate the solvent in vacuo. Purify by chromatography togive the title compound.

EXAMPLE 25

[2-(6-Methoxybenzothiazolyl)](4-piperidinyl)methanone•CF₃ CO₂ H##STR33## Mix4-[(2-(6-methoxybenzothiazolyl))carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid,1,1-dimethylethyl ester (30.31 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid (75 mL)and stir at room temperature for 2 hours. Cool in an ice/water bath andadd ethyl ether until a solid begins to precipitate. Stir at 0° C. for30 minutes, collect the solid by filtration and wash with ethyl ether togive the title compound.

EXAMPLE 26

4-[3-[4-[[2-(6-Methoxybenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoicacid, methyl ester ##STR34## Mix[2-(6-methoxybenzothiazolyl)](4-piperidinyl)methanone•CF₃ CO₂ H (9.19mmol), 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl bromide (9.64 mmol), potassiumcarbonate (3.33 g, 24.1 mmol) and dimethylformamide (35 mL) and heat at90° C. overnight. Cool to room temperature and partition between a 2:1mixture of ethyl acetate/toluene and water. Separate the aqueous phaseand wash the organic phase with water and brine. Dry (MgSO₄) andevaporate the solvent in vacuo. Purify by chromatography to give thetitle compound.

EXAMPLE 27

4-[3-[4-[[2-(6-Methoxybenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoicacid ##STR35## Dissolve4-[3-[4-[[2-(6-methoxybenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoicacid, methyl ester (0.233 mmol) in ethanol (4 mL) and treat with lithiumhydroxide (42 mg, 10 mmol) and water (1 mL). Stir under nitrogenatmosphere until hydrolysis is complete, evaporate the solvent, acidifywith dilute hydrochloric acid and extract the aqueous phases with ethylacetate (2×). Wash the combined organic phases with water, then withsaturated sodium chloride. Dry (MgSO₄), evaporate the solvent in vacuoand purify by silica gel chromatography to give the title compound.

EXAMPLE 28

[(2-(6-Fluorobenzothiazolyl))carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid,1,1-dimethylethyl ester ##STR36## Slurry 2-amino-6-fluorobenzothiazole(0.255 mol) in water (325 mL), heat to reflux and add 48% hydrobromicacid (130 mL). Maintain at reflux for 20 minutes, cool to 0° C. and adda solution of sodium nitrite (17.56 g, 0.255 mol) in water (90 mL),maintaining a temperature of 0° C. Stir at 0° C. for 15 minutes and addby dropwise addition (while keeping cold) to a rapidly stirring mixtureof copper (I) bromide (42.03 g,0.293 mol) in 48% hydrobromic acid (86mL) and water (225 mL). Stir at room temperature for 20 minutes. Allowto stand overnight, extract into methylene chloride and dry (MgSO₄).Evaporate the solvent in vacuo and purify by chromatography to give2-bromo-6-fluorobenzothiazole.

Dissolve 2-bromo-6-fluorobenzothiazole (14.79 mmol) in anhydroustetrahydrofuran (50 mL), place under an argon atmosphere and cool to-78° C. Add, by dropwise addition, n-butyllithium (6.5 mL of a 2.5Msolution in hexane, 16.27 mmol) and stir at -78° C. for 30 minutes. Add,by dropwise addition, a solution of4-[[(N-methoxy-N-methyl)amino]carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid,1,1-dimethylethyl ester (4.03 g, 14.79 mmol) in anhydroustetrahydrofuran (50 mL). Stir at -78° C. for 1.5 hours, remove the icebath and allow to warm for 10 minutes, quench with saturated ammoniumchloride (100 mL) and stir for an additional hour. Separate the organicphase and extract the aqueous phase with ethyl acetate. Combine theorganic phases, dry (MgSO₄) and evaporate the solvent in vacuo. Purifyby chromatography to give the title compound.

EXAMPLE 29

[2-(6-Fluorobenzothiazolyl)](4-piperidinyl)-methanone•CF₃ CO₂ H##STR37## Mix4-[(2-(6-fluorobenzothiazolyl))carbonyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid,1,1-dimethylethyl ester (30.31 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid (75 mL)and stir at room temperature for 2 hours. Cool in an ice/water bath andadd ethyl ether until a solid begins to precipitate. Stir at 0° C. for30 minutes, collect the solid by filtration and wash with ethyl ether togive the title compound.

EXAMPLE 30

2-[4-[[2-(6-Fluorobenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethoxy]aceticacid, methyl ester Mix[2-(6-fluorobenzothiazolyl)](4-piperidinyl)methanone•CF₃ CO₂ H (9.19mmol), carbomethoxy methoxyethyl chloride (9.64 mmol), potassiumcarbonate (3.33 g, 24.1 mmol) and dimethylformamide (35 mL) and heat at90° C. overnight. Cool to room temperature and partition between a 2:1mixture of ethyl acetate/toluene and water. Separate the aqueous phaseand wash the organic phase with ##STR38## water and brine. Dry (MgSO₄)and evaporate the solvent in vacuo. Purify by chromatography to give thetitle compound.

EXAMPLE 31

2-[4-[[2-(6-Fluorobenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethoxy]aceticacid ##STR39## Dissolve2-[4-[[2-(6-fluorobenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethoxy]aceticacid, methyl ester (0.233 mmol) in ethanol (4 mL) and treat with lithiumhydroxide (42 mg, 10 mmol) and water (1 mL). Stir under nitrogenatmosphere until hydrolysis is complete, evaporate the solvent, acidifywith dilute hydrochloric acid and extract the aqueous phases with ethylacetate (2×). Wash the combined organic phases with water, then withsaturated sodium chloride. Dry (MgSO₄), evaporate the solvent in vacuoand purify by silica gel chromatography to give the title compound.

The following compounds can be prepared according to the proceduresdescribed above in Examples 1-31:

2-[4-[[2-(4-Chlorobenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinylethoxy]aceticacid, methyl ester;

2-[4-[[2-(4-Chlorobenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethoxyaceticacid;

[2-(4-Chlorobenzothiazolyl][1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]methanone;

4-[3-[4-[[2-(4-Chlorobenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoicacid, methyl ester;

4-[3-[4-[[2-(4-Chlorobenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoicacid;

2-[4-[[2-(4-Methoxybenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethoxyaceticacid, methyl ester;

2-[4-[[2-(4-Methoxybenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethoxyaceticacid;

[2-(4-Methoxybenzothiazolyl][1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]methanone;

4-[3-[4-[[2-(4-Methoxybenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoicacid, methyl ester;

4-[3-[4-[[2-(4-Methoxybenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoicacid;

2-[4-[[2-(6-Methoxybenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethoxyaceticacid, methyl ester;

2-[4-[[2-(6-Methoxybenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethoxyaceticacid;

[2-(6-Methoxybenzothiazolyl][1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]methanone;

4-[3-[4-[[2-(6-Methoxybenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoicacid, methyl ester;

4-[3-[4-[[2-(6-Methoxybenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoicacid;

2-[4-[[2-(4-Methylbenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethoxyaceticacid, methyl ester;

2-[4-[[2-(4-Methylbenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethoxyaceticacid;

[2-(4-Methylbenzothiazolyl][1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]methanone;

4-[3-[4-[[2-(4-Methylbenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoicacid, methyl ester;

4-[3-[4-[[2-(4-Methylbenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoicacid;

2-[4-[[2-(6-Methylbenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethoxyaceticacid, methyl ester;

2-[4-[[2-(6-Methylbenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethoxyaceticacid;

[2-(6-Methylbenzothiazolyl][1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]methanone;

4-[3-[4-[[2-(6-Methylbenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoicacid, methyl ester;

4-[3-[4-[[2-(6-Methylbenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoicacid;

2-[4-[[2-(6-Fluorobenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethoxyaceticacid, methyl ester;

2-[4-[[2-(6-Fluorobenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethoxyaceticacid;

[2-(6-Fluorobenzothiazolyl][1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]methanone;

4-[3-[4-[[2-(6-Fluorobenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoicacid, methyl ester;

4-[3-[4-[[2-(6-Fluorobenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoicacid;

2-[4-[[2-(6-Chlorobenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethoxyaceticacid, methyl ester;

2-[4-[[2-(6-Chlorobenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethoxyaceticacid;

[2-(6-Chlorobenzothiazolyl][1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]methanone;

4-[3-[4-[[2-(6-Chlorobenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoicacid, methyl ester;

4-[3-[4-[[2-(6-Chlorobenzothiazolyl)]carbonyl]-1-piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoicacid.

A general synthetic procedure for the preparation of the compounds ofFormula I wherein Y is --C(═CH₂)--, --C(H)(OH)--, --C(OH)(phenyl)-- or--C(B)(OH)-- is set forth in Scheme B. In Scheme B, all substituents areas previously defined unless otherwise indicated. ##STR40##

Scheme B provides a general synthetic procedure for preparing thecompounds of Formula I wherein Y is --C(═CH₂)--, --C(H)(OH)--,--C(OH)(phenyl)-- or --C(B)(OH)--.

In step a¹, the carbonyl functionality of the appropriate piperidinylthiacyclic derivative of structure (6) is reduced to the correspondinghydroxymethylene group by techniques well known in the art.

For example, one suitable technique is to react the piperidinylthiacyclic derivative of structure (6) with a reducing agent, such assodium borohydride, in a suitable solvent such as ethanol. Thepiperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure (6) and the reducingagent are preferably present in the reaction zone in an approximatelyequimolar quantity. A slight excess of either reactant is notdeleterious to the reaction. The reaction is allowed to proceed for aperiod of time ranging from about 20 minutes to about 5 hours, and morepreferably about 1.5 hours. The solvent is removed under vacuum and thepiperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure (7) can be recovered fromthe reaction zone by treatment with water and extraction with an organicsolvent as is known in the art. The piperidinyl thiacyclic derivative ofstructure (7) can be purified by techniques known in the art such asrecrystallization or chromatography as described previously in Scheme A,step a.

In step a², the carbonyl functionality of the appropriate piperidinylthiacyclic derivative of structure (6) is converted to the correspondingethenylene group by techniques well known in the art.

For example, one suitable technique is to react the piperidinylthiacyclic derivative of structure (6) with a suitable ylide such astriphenylphosphonium methylide, in a suitable solvent such astetrahydrofuran. The piperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure (6)and the triphenylphosphonium methylide are preferably present in thereaction zone in an approximately equimolar quantity. A slight excess ofeither reactant is not deleterious to the reaction. The reaction isallowed to proceed for a period of time ranging from about 20 minutes toabout 5 hours, and more preferably about 2 hours; at a temperature rangeof from about -40° C. to room temperature, and more preferably about-10° C. The reaction is then quenched with a proton source such as, forexample, water or saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The resultingreaction mixture is extracted with a sutiable solvent, such as ethylether, dried over either Na₂ SO₄ or MgSO₄, filtered and the solventevaporated in vacuo. The piperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure(8) can be purified by techniques known in the art such asrecrystallization or chromatography as described previously in Scheme A,step a.

In step a³, the carbonyl functionality of the appropriate piperidinylthiacyclic derivative of structure (6) is converted to the correspondingphenyl tertiary alcohol or thiacyclic tertiary alcohol group bytechniques well known in the art.

For example, one suitable technique is to react the piperidinylthiacyclic derivative of structure (6) with a suitable lithio thiacyclicderivative of structure (1) or phenyllithium in a suitable solvent suchas tetrahydrofuran. The piperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure(6) and the suitable lithio thiacyclic derivative of structure (1) orphenyllithium are preferably present in the reaction zone in anapproximately equimolar quantity. A slight excess of either reactant isnot deleterious to the reaction. The reaction is allowed to proceed fora period of time ranging from about 5 minutes to about 5 hours, and morepreferably about 30 minutes; at a temperature range of from about -90°C. to -40° C., and more preferably about -78° C. The reaction is thenquenched with a proton source such as, for example, saturated aqueousammonium chloride or methanol. The resulting reaction mixture isextracted with a suitable solvent, such as ethyl ether, dried overeither Na₂ SO₄ or MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent evaporated in vacuo.The piperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure (9) can be purifiedby techniques known in the art such as recrystallization orchromatography as described previously in Scheme A, step a.

Alternatively, those piperidinyl thiacyclic derivatives of structure(7), those piperidinyl thiacyclic derivatives of structure (8) and thosepiperidinyl thiacyclic derivatives of structure (9) wherein R₁ is--(CH₂)_(n) --Z--(CH₂)_(m) COR₅ wherein R₅ is OH or ##STR41## wherein R₉is CO₂ R₁₁ and R₁₁ is H may be prepared from the appropriate piperidinylthiacyclic derivatives of structure (7), the piperidinyl thiacyclicderivatives of structure (8) and the piperidinyl thiacyclic derivativesof structure (9) wherein R₁ is --(CH₂)_(n) --Z--(CH₂)_(m) COR₅ whereinR5 is C₁₋₄ alkoxy or ##STR42## wherein R₉ is CO₂ R₁₁ and R₁₁ is C₁₋₄alkyl via an ester hydrolysis reaction as is known in the art.

Starting materials for use in Scheme B are readily avaiable to one ofordinary skill in the art.

The following examples present typical syntheses as described in SchemeB. These examples are understood to be illustrative only and are notintended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

EXAMPLE 32

α-[1-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]-α-phenyl-2-benzothiazolemethanol##STR43## Dissolve[2-benzothiazolyl][1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]methanone(2.0 g, 5.26 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (50 mL), place under anargon atmosphere and cool to -78° C. Add, by dropwise addition,phenyllithium (3.16 mL of a 2.0M solution in cyclohexane/ethyl ether,6.31 mmol). Stir at -78° C. for 30 minutes, quench with saturatedammonium chloride (100 mL), separate the organic phase and extract theaqueous phase with ethyl acetate. Combine the organic phases, dry(MgSO₄) and evaporate the solvent in vacuo. Purify by chromatography(75% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give a yellow oil. Dissolve the oil inmethylene chloride and treat with activated charcoal. Filter andevaporate the solvent in vacuo to give the title compound as a whiteelectrostatic powder; mp 67°-70° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₈ H₃₀ N₂ O₂ S: C, 73.33; H, 6.59; N, 6.11. Found: C,72.73; H, 6.64; N, 5.90.

EXAMPLE 33

α-[1-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]-2-benzothiazolemethanol##STR44## Dissolve[2-benzothiazolyl][1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]methanone(3.0 g, 7.88 mmol) in methanol (150 mL) and cool to 0° C. Add sodiumborohydride (597 mg, 15.77 mmol) and stir for 1.5 hours, addingadditional sodium borohydride after 30 minutes. Evaporate the solvent invacuo and partition the residue between water and methylene chloride.Separate the organic phase, wash with saturated sodium chloride, dry(MgSO₄) and evaporate the solvent in vacuo. Purify by recrystallization(ethyl acetate) to give the title compound as white fluffy crystals; mp127°-129° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₂ H₂₆ N₂ O₂ S•0.25H₂ O: C, 68.27; H, 6.90; N, 7.24.Found: C, 68.30; H, 6.89; N, 7.25.

EXAMPLE 34

2-[1-[1-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]ethenyl]benzothiazole##STR45## Dissolve methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (2.50 g, 6.99mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (50 mL). Add n-butyllithium (2.8 mLof a 2.5M solution in hexane, 6.99 mmol) and cool to -10° C. Add, bydropwise addition, a solution of[2-benzothiazolyl][1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]methanone(2.66 g, 6.99 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (50 mL). Stir for 2hours then quench with water. Separate the organic phase and extract theaqueous phase with ethyl ether. Combine the organic phases, dry (MgSO₄)and evaporate the solvent in vacuo. Purify by chromatography (50% ethylether/hexane) to give the title compound as a white powder; mp 84°-85°C.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₃ H₂₆ N₂ OS: C, 72.98; H, 6.92; N, 7.40. Found: C,72.92; H, 7.01; N, 7.28.

Another general synthetic procedure for the preparation of the compoundsof Formula I wherein Y is --C(═O)-- or --C(H)(OH)-- is set forth inScheme C. In Scheme C, all substituents are as previously defined unlessotherwise indicated. ##STR46##

In step a, the appropriate lithio thiacyclic derivative of structure (1)is reacted with the piperidinyl derivative of structure (10) to give thecorresponding piperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure (7).

For example, a solution of the appropriate lithio thiacyclic derivativeof structure (1) is contacted with the piperidinyl derivative ofstructure (10) at a temperature range of from about -90° C. to about-50° C. and more preferably about -78° C. The reaction is typicallyconducted under anhydrous conditions in a suitable aprotic organicsolvent such as tetrahydrofuran. A slight excess of either reactant isnot deleterious to the reaction. The piperidinyl derivative and thebenzimidazole derivative are preferably present in the reaction zone inan approximately equimolar quantity. The reaction is allowed to proceedfor a period of time ranging from about 20 minutes to about 5 hours, andmore preferably about 2 hours. The reaction is then quenched with aproton source such as, for example, saturated aqueous ammonium chlorideor methanol. The resulting reaction mixture after dilution with water isextracted with a suitable solvent, such as ethyl acetate, washed withwater, dried over either Na₂ SO₄ or MgSO₄, filtered and the solventevaporated in vacuo. The piperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure(7) can be purified by techniques known in the art such asrecrystallization or chromatography as described previously in Scheme A,step a.

In optional step b, the hydroxy methylene functionality of theappropriate piperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure (7) isoxidized to give the corresponding piperidinyl thiacyclic derivative ofstructure (6) by techniques well known in the art, such as SwernOxidation using dimethylsulfoxide, oxalyl chloride and triethylamine.

The piperidinyl thiacyclic derivatives of structure (6) may be convertedto the corresponding piperidinyl thiacyclic derivatives of structures(7), (8) and (9) as described previously in Scheme B.

Starting materials for use in Scheme C are readily available to one ofordinary skill in the art. For example,1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinecarboxyaldehyde is disclosed in U.S. Pat.No. 5,021,428 which is hereby incorporated by reference.

The following examples present typical syntheses as described in SchemeC. These examples are understood to be illustrative only and are notintended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

EXAMPLE 35

α-[1-(2-Phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-2benzo[b]thiophenemethanol ##STR47##Dissolve benzo[b]thiophene (2.21 g, 16.38 mmol) in anhydroustetrahydrofuran (70 mL), place under an argon atmosphere and cool to-78° C. Add, by dropwise addition, n-butyllithium (7.21 mL of a 2.5Msolution in hexane, 18.02 mmol) and stir for 30 minutes at -78° C. Add,by dropwise addition, a solution of1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinecarboxyaldehyde (3.56 g, 16.38 mmol) inanhydrous tetrahydrofuran (25 mL). Stir at -78° C. for 2 hours, removethe ice bath and allow to warm over 1 hour. Quench with methanol (10 mL)and pour into aqueous saturated ammonium chloride (100 mL). Separate theorganic phase and extract the aqueous phase with ethyl acetate. Combinethe organic phases, dry (MgSO₄) and evaporate the solvent in vacuo.Purify by crystallization (ethyl acetate/hexane) to give the titlecompound as a white crystalline solid; mp 178° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₂ H₂₅ NOS: C, 75.17; H, 7.17; N, 3.98. Found: C,75.08; H, 7.32; N, 4.23.

EXAMPLE 36

[Benzo[b]thiophene-2-yl][1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]methanone##STR48## Dissolve oxalyl chloride (4.22 g, 33.28 mmol) in methylenechloride (200 mL), place under an argon atmosphere and cool to -78° C.Add, by dropwise addition, dimethylsulfoxide (5.42 g, 69.33 mmol) andstir at -78° C. for 15 minutes. Add, by dropwise addition, a solution ofα-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-2-benzo[b]thiophenemethanol (9.75 g,27.73 mmol) in dimethylsulfoxide (150 mL). Stir at -78° C. for 30minutes, add triethylamine (15.18 g, 0.150 mol) and stir at -78° C. for1 hour. Remove the ice bath and stir for an additional 1.5 hours.Evaporate the solvent in vacuo and recrystallize (isopropanol) to givethe title compound as a fluffy white crystalline solid; mp 129°-130° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₂ H₂₃ NOS: C, 75.61; H, 6.63; N, 4.01. Found: C,75.46; H, 6.63; N, 3.87.

EXAMPLE 37

α-[1-(2-Phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-α-phenyl-2-benzo[b]thiophenemethanol##STR49## Dissolve[benzo[b]thiophene-2-yl][1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]methanone (3.5g, 10.01 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (100 mL), place under anargon atmosphere and cool to -78° C. Add, by dropwise addition,phenyllithium (6 mL of a 2.0M solution in cyclohexane/ethyl ether, 12.0mmol) and stir at -78° C. for 5 hours. Remove the ice bath and allow towarm to room temperature. Pour into saturated ammonium chloride (100 mL)and stir for 20 minutes. Separate the organic phase and extract theaqueous phase with ethyl acetate. Combine the organic phases, wash withwater, dry (MgSO₄) and evaporate the solvent in vacuo. Purify bychromatography (50% ethyl acetate/hexane) and recrystallize(isopropanol) to give the title compound as a white solid; mp 144°-146°C.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₈ H₂₉ NOS: C, 78.65; H, 6.84; N, 3.28. Found: C,78.55; H, 6.94; N, 3.20.

EXAMPLE 38

α-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-benzo[b]thiophenemethanol##STR50## Dissolve n-butyllithium (9.4 mL of a 2.5M solution in hexane,23.46 mmol) in anhydrous ethyl ether (100 mL), place under an argonatmosphere and cool to -78° C. Add, by dropwise addition, a solution of3-bromobenzo[b]thiophene (5.0 g, 23.46 mmol) in anhydrous ethyl ether(50 mL). Stir at -78° C. for 30 minutes then add, by dropwise addition,a solution of 1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinecarboxaldehyde (5.10 g,23.46 mmol) in anhydrous ethyl ether (50 mL). Stir for 5 hours at -78°C., remove the ice bath and stir for an additional 1 hour. Quench withsaturated ammonium chloride (150 mL) and stir overnight. Separate theorganic phase and extract the aqueous phase with ethyl ether andmethylene chloride. Combine the organic phases, dry (MgSO₄) andevaporate the solvent in vacuo. Purify by recrystallization(isopropanol) to give the title compound as an off-white solid.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₂ H₂₅ NOS: C, 75.17; H, 7.17; N, 3.98. Found: C,75.10; H, 7.22; N, 4.16.

EXAMPLE 39

[Benzo[b]thiophene-3-yl][1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]methanone##STR51## Dissolve oxalyl chloride (4.22 g, 33.28 mmol) in methylenechloride (200 mL), place under an argon atmosphere and cool to -78° C.Add, by dropwise addition, dimethylsulfoxide (5.42 g, 69.33 mmol) andstir at -78° C. for 15 minutes. Add, by dropwise addition, a solution ofα-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-benzo[b]thiophenemethanol (9.75 g,27.73 mmol) in dimethylsulfoxide (150 mL). Stir at -78° C. for 30minutes, add triethylamine (15.18 g, 0.150 mol) and stir at -78° C. for1 hour. Remove the ice bath and stir for an additional 1.5 hours.Evaporate the solvent in vacuo and recrystallize (isopropanol) to givethe title compound as a tan powder; mp 110°-112° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₂ H₂₃ NOS: C, 75.61; H, 6.63; N, 4.01. Found: C,75.66; H, 6.74; N, 3.98.

EXAMPLE 40

α-[1-(2-Phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-2-thiophenemethanol ##STR52##Dissolve 1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinecarboxaldehyde (10.0 g, 46.02mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (300 mL), place under an argonatmosphere and cool to -78° C. Add, by dropwise addition, a solution of2-lithiothiophene (46.02 mL of a 1M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 46.02mmol) and stir for 3 hours at -78° C. Quench with saturated ammoniumchloride, separate the organic phase and extract the aqueous phase withethyl acetate. Combine the organic phases, dry (MgSO₄) and evaporate thesolvent in vacuo. Purify by chromatography (ethyl acetate) andrecrystallize (cyclohexane) to give the title compound as a white solid;mp 123°-125° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₁₈ H₂₃ NOS: C, 71.72; H, 7.69; N, 4.65. Found: C,71.76; H, 7.88; N, 4.57.

EXAMPLE 41

[Thiophene-2-yl][1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]methanone ##STR53##Dissolve oxalyl chloride (1.23 g, 9.67 mmol) in methylene chloride (100mL), place under an argon atmosphere and cool to -78° C. Adddimethylsulfoxide (1.43 mL) and stir for 15 minutes. Add, by dropwiseaddition, a solution ofα-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-2-thiophenemethanol (2.43 g, 8.06mmol) in methylene chloride (100 mL). Stir at -78° C. for 30 minutes,then add triethylamine (6.07 mL). Stir at -78° C. for 30 minutes, removethe ice bath and allow to warm to room temperature. Evaporate thesolvent in vacuo and partition between methylene chloride and water.Separate the organic phase and extract the aqueous phase with methylenechloride. Combine the organic phases, wash with water and dry (MgSO₄).Evaporate the solvent in vacuo and recrystallize (isopropanol) to givethe title compound as a white crystalline solid; mp 77°-79° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₁₈ H₂₁ NOS: C, 72.20; H, 7.07; N, 4.68. Found: C,72.13; H, 7.18; N, 4.61.

EXAMPLE 42

α-[1-(2-Phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-2-thiazolemethanol ##STR54## Prepareaccording to the procedure described in Example 29 using2-lithiothiazole.

EXAMPLE 43

[2-Thiazolyl][1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]methanone ##STR55##Prepare according to the procedure described in Example 30 usingα-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-2-thiazolemethanol.

Another general synthetic procedure for the preparation of the compoundsof Formula I wherein Y is --C(═O)-- is set forth in Scheme D. In SchemeD, all substituents are as previously defined unless otherwiseindicated. ##STR56##

Scheme D provides a general synthetic procedure for preparing thecomounds of Formula (I) wherein Y is --C(═O)--.

For example, a solution of the appropriate lithio thiacyclic derivativeof structure (1) is contacted with the piperidinyl derivative ofstructure (11) at a temperature range of from about -90° C. to about-50° C. and more preferably about -78° C. The reaction is typicallyconducted under anhydrous conditions in a suitable aprotic organicsolvent such as tetrahydrofuran. A slight excess of either reactant isnot deleterious to the reaction. The piperidinyl derivative and thebenzimidazole derivative are preferably present in the reaction zone inan approximately equimolar quantity. The reaction is allowed to proceedfor a period of time ranging from about 20 minutes to about 5 hours, andmore preferably about 1 hour. The reaction is then quenched with aproton source such as, for example, saturated aqueous ammonium chlorideor methanol. The resulting reaction mixture is extracted with a suitablesolvent, such as ethyl acetate, washed with water, dried over either Na₂SO₄ or MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. Thepiperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure (6) can be purified bytechniques known in the art such as recrystallization or chromatographyas described previously in Scheme A, step a.

The piperidinyl thiacyclic derivatives of structure (6) may be convertedto the corresponding piperidinyl thiacyclic derivatives of structures(7), (8) and (9) as described previously in Scheme B.

Starting materials for use in Scheme D are readily available to one ofordinary skill in the art. For example,1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid, methyl esteris described in J. Org. Chem., 55, 1399 1990.

The following example presents a typical synthesis as described inScheme D. This example is understood to be illustrative only and is notintended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

EXAMPLE 44

[2-Benzothiazolyl][1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]methanone##STR57## Dissolve freshly distilled benzothiazole (3.41 g, 25.24 mmol)in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (60 mL), place under an argon atmosphereand cool to -78° C. Add, by dropwise addition, n-butyllithium (15.14 mLof a 2.5M solution in hexane, 37.86 mmol) and stir briefly at -78° C.Add, by dropwise addition, a solution of1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid, methyl ester(7.0 g, 25.24 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (40mL). Stir for 1 hourat -78° C., quench with methanol (5 mL) and pour into saturated ammoniumchloride (100 mL). Filter, separate the organic phase and extract theaqueous phase with ethyl acetate. Combine the organic phases and washwith water and brine. Dry (MgSO₄) and evaporate the solvent in vacuo.Purify by chromatography (ethyl acetate) and recrystallize (cyclohexane)to give the title compound as a pale yellow powder; mp 118°-120° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₂ S: C, 69.44; H, 6.36; N, 7.36. Found: C,69.65; H, 6.51; N, 7.21.

Example 10 gives an alternative method of making this compound.

A general synthetic procedure for the preparation of the compounds ofFormula I wherein Y is --C(B)(OH)-- wherein B and the thiacyclic portionof the compound of Formula I are identical is set forth in Scheme E. InScheme E, all substituents are as previously defined unless otherwiseindicated. ##STR58##

The appropriate lithio thiacyclic derivative of structure (1) is reactedwith the piperidinyl derivative of structure (12) to give thecorresponding bis(thiacyclic) tertiary alcohol derivative of structure(13).

For example, a solution of the appropriate lithio thiacyclic derivativeof structure (1) is contacted with the piperidinyl derivative ofstructure (12) at a temperature range of from about -90° C. to about-50° C. and more preferably about -78° C. The reaction is typicallyconducted under anhydrous conditions in a suitable aprotic organicsolvent such as tetrahydrofuran. The piperidinyl derivative and thelithio thiacyclic derivative are preferably present in the reaction zonein an approximately a 1:2 ratio. The reaction is allowed to proceed fora period of time ranging from about 20 minutes to about 5 hours, andmore preferably about 2 hours. The reaction is then quenched with aproton source such as, for example, saturated aqueous ammonium chlorideor methanol. The resulting reaction mixture is extracted with a suitablesolvent, such as ethyl acetate, washed with water, dried over either Na₂SO₄ or MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. Thebis(thiacyclic) tertiary alcohol derivative of structure (13) can bepurified by techniques known in the art such as recrystallization orchromatography as described previously in Scheme A, step a.

Alternatively, those bis(thiacyclic) tertiary alcohol derivatives ofstructure (13) wherein R₁ is --(CH₂)_(n) --Z--(CH₂)_(m) COR₅ wherein R₅is OH or ##STR59## wherein R₉ is CO₂ R₁₁ and R₁₁ is H may be preparedfrom the appropriate bis(thiacyclic) tertiary alcohol derivatives ofstructure (13) wherein R₁ is --(CH₂)_(n) --Z--(CH₂)_(m) COR₅ wherein R₅is C₁₋₄ alkoxy or ##STR60## wherein R₉ is CO₂ R₁₁ and R₁₁ is C₁₋₄ alkylvia an ester hydrolysis reaction as is known in the art.

Starting materials for use in Scheme E are readily available to one ofordinary skill in the art.

The following examples present typical syntheses as described in SchemeE. These examples are understood to be illustrative only and are notintended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

EXAMPLE 45

α-[1-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]-α-thiophene-2-yl)-2-thiophenemethanol##STR61## Dissolve 1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinecarboxylicacid, methyl ester (4.0 g, 14.42 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (100mL), place under an argon atmosphere and cool to -78° C. Add, bydropwise addition, 2-lithiothiophene (14.42 mL of a 1M solution intetrahydrofuran, 14.42 mmol) and stir at -78° C. for 3 hours. Addadditional 2-lithiothiophene (14.42 mL of a 1M solution intetrahydrofuran, 14.42 mmol) and stir at -78° C. for 2 hours. Remove theice bath and allow to warm to room temperature. Quench with saturatedammonium chloride (100 mL), separate the organic phase and extract theaqueous phase with ethyl acetate. Combine the organic phases, dry(MgSO₄) and evaporate the solvent in vacuo. Purify by chromatography(ethyl acetate) and recrystallize (ethyl acetate) to give the titlecompound as fluffy white crystals; mp 153°-155° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₃ H₂₇ NO₂ S₂ : C, 66.79; H, 6.58; M, 3.39. Found: C,66.68; H, 6.40; N, 3.49.

EXAMPLE 46

α-[1-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]-α-(2-thiazolyll)-2-thiazolemethanol##STR62## Prepare according to the procedure described in Example 34using 2-lithiothiazole.

EXAMPLE 47

α-[1-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]-α-(benzo[b]thiophene-2-yl)-2-benzo[b]thiophenemethanol##STR63## Dissolve benzo[b]thiophene (10.0 g, 74.5 mmol) in anhydroustetrahydrofuran (100 mL), place under an argon atmosphere and cool to-78° C. Add, by dropwise addition, n-butyllithium (32.79 mL, 81.97 mmol)and stir briefly. Add, by dropwise addition, a solution of1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid, methyl ester(20.67 g, 74.52 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (200 mL) and stir at-78° C. for 1.5 hours. Quench with saturated ammonium chloride, separatethe organic phase and extract the aqueous phase with ethyl ether.Combine the organic phases, dry (MgSO₄) and evaporate the solvent invacuo. Purify by chromatography (50% ethyl acetate/hexane) andrecrystallize (isopropanol) to give the title compound as a white solid;mp 168°-179° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₃ H₂₅ NO₂ S: C, 72.79; H, 6.64; N, 3.69. Found: C,72.34; H, 6.15; N, 2.63.

Another general synthetic procedure for the preparation of the compoundsof Formula I wherein Y is --C(OH)(phenyl)-- is set forth in Scheme F. InScheme F, all substituents are as previously defined unless otherwiseindicated. ##STR64##

For example, a solution of the appropriate lithio thiacyclic derivativeof structure (1) is contacted with the piperidinyl derivative ofstructure (14) at a temperature range of from about -90° C. to about-50° C. and more preferably about -78° C. The reaction is typicallyconducted under anhydrous conditions in a suitable aprotic organicsolvent such as tetrahydrofuran. The piperidinyl derivative and thelithio thiacyclic derivative are preferably present in the reaction zonein an approximately equimolar quantitiy. A slight excess of eitherreactant is not deleterious to the reaction. The reaction is allowed toproceed for a period of time ranging from about 20 minutes to about 5hours, and more preferably about 2 hours. The reaction is then quenchedwith a proton source such as, for example, saturated aqueous ammoniumchloride or methanol. The resulting reaction mixture is extracted with asuitable solvent, such as ethyl acetate, washed with water, dried overeither Na₂ SO₄ or MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent evaporated in vacuo.The piperidinyl thiacyclic derivative of structure (15) can be purifiedby techniques known in the art such as recrystallization orchromatography as described previously in Scheme A, step a.

Alternatively, those piperidinyl thiacyclic derivatives of structure(15) wherein R₁ is --(CH₂)_(n) --Z--(CH₂)_(m) COR₅ wherein R₅ is OH or##STR65## wherein R₉ is CO₂ R₁₁ and R₁₁ is H may be prepared from theappropriate piperidinyl thiacyclic derivatives of structure (15) whereinR₁ is --(CH₂)_(n) --Z--(CH₂)_(m) COR₅ wherein R₅ is C₁₋₄ alkoxy or##STR66## wherein R₉ is CO₂ R₁₁ and R₁₁ is C₁₋₄ alkyl via an esterhydrolysis reaction as is known in the art.

Starting materials for use in Scheme F are readily available to one orordinary skill in the art. For example,phenyl[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]methanone•HCl andα-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]phenylmethanol•HCl is disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 5,021,428 which is hereby incorporated by reference.

The following example presents a typical synthesis as described inScheme F. This example is understood to be illustrative only and is notintended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

EXAMPLE 48

α-[1-(2-Phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-α-phenyl-2-thiophenemethanol##STR67## Mix phenyl[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]methanone•HCl (5.0g, 15.16 mmol), 1N sodium hydroxide (100 mL) and methylene chloride (250mL) and stir overnight at room temperature. Separate the organic phaseand extract the aqueous phase with methylene chloride. Combine theorganic phases, dry (MgSO₄) and evaporate the solvent in vacuo to givephenyl[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]methanone.

Dissolve phenyl[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]methanone (4.45 g, 15.16mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (40 mL), place under an argonatmosphere and cool to -78° C. Add, by dropwise addition,2-lithiothiophene (15.16 mL of a 1M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 15.16mmol) and stir at -78° C. for 1.5 hours. Quench with saturated ammoniumchloride, separate the organic phase and extract the aqueous phase withethyl ether. Combine the organic phases, dry (MgSO₄) and evaporate thesolvent in vacuo. Purify by chromatography (50% ethyl acetate/hexane)and recrystallize (cyclohexane) to give the title compound as a whitecrystalline solid; mp 143°-144° C.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₄ H₂₇ NOS: C, 76.35; H, 7.21; N, 3.71. Found: C,76.34; H, 7.32; N, 3.59.

EXAMPLE 49

α-[1-(2-Phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-α-phenyl-2-thiazolemethanol##STR68## Prepare according to the procedure described in Example 37using 2-lithiothiazole.

The compounds of the present invention are useful as non-sedating H₁anti-histamines and mediator release inhibitors and are thus useful inthe treatment of a variety of allergic diseases such as allergicrhinitis, seasonal rhinitis, allergic dermatoses such as acuteurticaria, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, gastrointestinalallergies which can be caused by the ingestion of either food or drugs,allergic pulmonary disease, ophthalmic allergies, insect stings andanaphylaxis, including the inhibition of brochospasms. These conditionsand diseases can be relieved by administering to the patient in needthereof the compounds of formula I in an amount sufficient to treat thedisease or condition such as an anti-allergic disease amount.

Since compounds of formula I are also seratonin 5HT₂ antagonists, theyare useful in the treatment of a variety of disease states andconditions such as the treatment of anxiety, variant angina, anorexianetrosa, Raynaud's phenomenon, intermittent claudication and coronary orperipheral vasospasms. Also, these compounds can be used to treat laterestenosis and to inhibit the development of atherosclerosis. Thecompounds inhibit the development of vascular smooth muscle cellhyperplasia. They should be administered on a prophylactic basis toprevent the development of this condition. These conditions and diseasescan be relieved by administering to the patient in need thereof thecompounds of formula I in an amount sufficient to treat the disease orcondition such as an anxiolytic amount, antianginal amount,anti-anorexic amount. This can also be defined as an amount effective intreating a patient having a disease which responds to antagonism of 5HT₂receptors. This quantity will be within the dosage range at which thecompound exhibits its serotonin 5HT₂ antagonistic properties.

One method of demonstrating the utility of the compounds of Formula I asanti-allergic disease agents is the following test protocol. One groupof 10 guinea pigs is dosed orally with from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 100mg/kg of the test compound. A control group of 10 guinea pigs is dosedorally with a similar volume of a vehicle (a solution of 0.5%methylcellulose and 1% ethanol). Both groups should be anesthetized andtheir dorsal areas shaved. One hour later, both groups are givenintravenous injections of 1% Evans Blue Dye (1 ml) via the jugular vein.Immediately following the dye injection, both groups are injectedintradermally in the dorsal area with histamine diphosphate injections(1 μg/0.1 ml) to produce histamine wheals. Twenty minutes afterinjection of the histamine, the animals are sacrificed and the size ofthe wheal area is then calculated from the diameter of the exposedwheal. A compound is considered to possess antihistamine activity if thewheal area of the drug treated group is statistically smaller than thatof the control group.

Any other method for testing the compounds of Formula I foranti-allergic efficacy may be used. For example, see Van Rossum, J. M.,Arch, Int. Pharmacodyn. 143:299 (1963); Chang, R. S. L, et al. andHistamine H₁ Receptors in Brain Labeled with [³ H] Mepyramine., Eur. J.Pharmacol. 48:463-464 (1978). Mediator release inhibition may be testedaccording to published methods, one of which is Yanagihara, Y., Abe, T.,Kuroda, T. and Shida, T., Immunopharmacological actions of the newantiallergic drug butyl 3'-(1H-trtrazol-5-yl)oxamilate. Arzneim.-Forsch.38:80-83 (1988).

Likewise, the compounds of Formula I can be tested by any appropriatemethod for 5HT2 antagonism. The ability of the compounds to antagonizethe effects of serotonin at the 5HT₂ receptor can be demonstrated by thespiroperidol binding test as described by Peroutka et al., in Mol.Pharmacol., Vol. 16, pages 687-699 (1979). In this test, 5HT₂ receptorsare exposed to both [³ H] spiroperidol, (a substance known to have aspecific affinity for the receptor) and the test compound. The extent towhich there is a decrease in binding of the [³ H] spiroperidol to thereceptor is indicative of the affinity of the test compound for the 5HT₂receptor.

The ability of the compounds to antagonize the 5HT₂ receptors in vivothe brain can be demonstrated via the 5-DMT head twitch test asdescribed by Friedman et al. in Commun. Psychopharmacol, vol. 3, pages89-92, (1979). The administration of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine(DMT) to mice typically produces a characteristic head twitch in themice. In this test, the mice are administered 5-DMT and a test compound.An absence of head twitches in the mice is considered to be predictiveof the ability of the test compound to antagonize the 5HT₂ receptor invivo.

An anti-allergic disease amount of the compounds of Formula I will varywith the disease being treated, the severity of the disease, thecondition of the patient, the route of administration and a number ofother conditions well known to those skilled in the art. Typically, ananti-allergic amount of the compounds of Formula I is about 0.01mg/kg/day to about 120 mg/kg/day. This dose may be divided into a numberof doses per day depending upon the result desired. This is also thedose for use separately as an antihistamine and the dose for useseparately as a mediator release inhibitor.

Likewise, the dosage range at which these compounds exhibit theirability to block the effects of serotonin at the 5HT₂ receptor can varydepending upon the particular compound being administered, theparticular disease or condition being treated and its severity, thepatient, other underlying disease states the patient is suffering from,and other medications that may be concurrently administered to thepatient. Generally though, these compounds will exhibit their serotonin5HT₂ antagonist properties at a dosage range of from about 0.001 mg/kgof patient body weight/day to about 4.0 mg/kg of patient bodyweight/day. The compounds can be administered orally or parenterally toachieve these effects.

"Treatment" means the ability of the compound to reduce the severity ofor alleviate the symptoms related to the disease or be usedprophylactically.

The compounds of the present invention are administered to a patient inneed of such therapy. "Patient" means a mammal such as a guinea pig orother rodent, dog, cat, or human. The route of administration may be byany appropriate method known to those skilled in the art such as oral,buccal, sublingual, parenteral, topical, opthalmical or by inhalation.

Pharmaceutical compositions can be manufactured utilizing techniquesknown in the art. Typically an effective amount of the compound to treata specified disease will be admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier.

For oral administration, the compounds can be formulated into solid orliquid preparation such as capsules, tablets, lozenges, powders,suspensions or emulsions. Solid unit dosage forms can be capsules of theordinary gelatin type containing, for example, surfactants, lubricantsand inert fillers such as lactose, sucrose, and cornstarch or they canbe sustained release preparations. In another embodiment, the compoundsof Formula I can be tableted with conventional tablet bases such aslactose, sucrose, and cornstarch in combination with binders, such asacacia, cornstarch, or gelatin, disintegrating agents such as potatostarch or alginic acid, and a lubricant such as stearic acid ormagnesium stearate. Liquid preparations are prepared by dissolving theactive ingredient in an aqueous or non-aqueous pharmaceuticallyacceptable solvent which may also contain suspending agents, sweeteningagents, flavoring agents and preservative agents as are known in theart.

For parenteral administration the compounds may be dissolved in aphysiologically acceptable carrier and administered as either a solutionor a suspension. Illustrative of suitable pharmaceutical carriers arewater, saline, dextrose solutions, fructose solutions, ethanol or oilsof animal, vegetable or synthetic original. The pharmaceutical carriermay also contain preservatives, buffers, etc., as are known in the art.

For nasal administration, the compounds may be dissolved in aphysiologically acceptable pharmaceutical carrier and administered as asolution. Illustrative of suitable pharmaceutical carriers are water,saline, and aqueous alcoholic solutions. The pharmaceutical carrier mayalso contain preservatives, buffers, etc., as are known in the art.

For topical administration, the compounds can be incorporated into asuitable topical carrier using techniques well known in the art.Examples of suitable topical carriers include oleaginous bases such aswhite petrolatum, absorption bases such as hydrophilic petrolatum,emulsion bases such as lanolin, and water soluble bases such aspolyethylene glycol ointment. The topical carrier may also containpreservatives, buffers, etc., as are known in the art.

For inhalation therapy, the compounds can be incorporated into anaqueous alcoholic solution containing a fluorinated hydrocarbonpropellant and packaged into a suitable administration device as knownin the art.

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound of the formula ##STR69## an opticalisomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is--C(OH)(phenyl)-- whereinY is attached at the heterocycle position 2 or3; X is carbon, CH or nitrogen, provided that when Y is attached at the3 position X is carbon, and when Y is attached at the 2 position X is CHor nitrogen; R₁ is --(CH₂)_(n) --Z--(CH₂)_(m) COR₅, --C(O)R₈ or##STR70## R₂ and R₃ are taken together, with the atoms to which R₂ andR₃ are respectively attached, to form a phenyl moiety substituted withR₄ ; Z is a bond, O, or S; R₄ is hydrogen, chloro, fluoro, C₁₋₄ alkyl,or C₁₋₄ alkoxy; R₅ is OH, C₁₋₄ alkoxy or --NR₆ R₇ ; R₆ and R₇ are thesame or different and are H or C₁₋₄ alkyl; R₈ is C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy; R₉ is H, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, OH, chloro, bromo, fluoro,--CF₃, --NHC(O)R₁₀, or CO₂ R₁₁ ; R₁₀ is C₁₋₄ alkyl or C₁₋₄ alkoxy; R₁₁is hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl; n is an integer from 0-3 provided that when Zis not a bond, n is an integer from 2-3;m is an integer from 1 to 3; dis an integer from 1-5; and e is zero or 1, provided that when e is 1:dis an integer from 2 to
 5. 2. The compound of claim 1 wherein X isnitrogen.
 3. The compound of claim 1 wherein R₁ is ##STR71##
 4. Thecompound of claim 3 wherein d is 2, e is 0 and R₉ is CO₂ R₁₁.
 5. Thecompound of claim 1 wherein X is CH or carbon.
 6. A compound of claim 1which isα-[1-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]-α-phenyl-2-benzothiazolemethanol.7. A compound of claim 1 which isα-[1-(2-Phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-α-phenyl-2-benzo[b]thiophenemethanol.8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of claim 1 and apharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 9. A method of treating a patienthaving an allergic disease with an effective amount of the compound ofclaim 1.